When a microbe such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan or archaeon has been linked to a disease, researchers may start to investigate whether that microbe might be the underlying cause of the disease, or might play a causal role in…
The omnipresence of microplastics (MPs) in marine and terrestrial environments as a pollutant of concern is well established and widely discussed in the literature. However, studies on MP contamination in commercial food sources like salts…
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was discovered more than a century ago, and its known roles have extended from within the immune system to include a neuro-inflammatory domain in the nervous system.
Major depressive disorder is a serious mental disorder that profoundly affects an individual's quality of life. Although the aetiologies underlying this disorder remain unclear, an increasing attention has been focused on the influence…
An organoid is a miniaturised and simplified version of an organ produced in vitro in three dimensions that mimics the key functional, structural, and biological complexity of that organ. [1 ] It is derived from one or a few cells from a…
Increased dietary fiber (DF) intake elicits a wide range of physiologic effects, not just locally in the gut, but systemically. DFs can greatly alter the gut milieu by affecting the gut microbiome, which in turn influences the gut barrier…
Chemokines and chemokine receptors are widely expressed by cells of the immune and nervous systems. This review focuses on our current knowledge concerning the role of chemokines in the pathophysiology of chronic pain syndromes.
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The term derives from the name of German mining engineer and chemist Friedrich Heusler, who studied such a compound (Cu2MnAl) in 1903. [1 ] Many of these compounds exhibit properties relevant to spintronics, such as magnetoresistance…