This paper explores the phenomenon of miniature axes in early medieval archaeology, examining their defining characteristics, interpretations, and distribution across various archaeological sites.
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What characterizes the unique features of Makarov's type 2 miniature axes?Makarov's type 2 axes have symmetrical, broad, fan-shaped blades with hook-like protrusions, measuring 30-43 mm in length and 35-57 mm in width. Nearly half of the 30 examined specimens are adorned with geometric patterns.When are Makarov's type 2 miniature axes typically dated?These axes are generally dated to the 11th-12th century, with finds scattered across Central-Eastern Europe. They highlight cultural connections from Sweden to Hungary, reflecting a rich trade and cultural exchange during this period.How do interpretations of miniature axes vary among scholars?Several interpretations exist, viewing these axes as amulets, children's toys, or religious symbols associated with deities like St. Olaf and Perun. The lack of compelling evidence for any single hypothesis underscores their multifaceted cultural significance.