Kenny–Caffey syndrome type 2 (KCS2) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant genetic condition characterized by dwarfism, farsightedness, microphthalmia, and skeletal abnormalities. [1 ] This subtype of Kenny–Caffey syndrome is caused by a…
Kenny-Caffey syndrome (KCS) and the similar but more severe osteocraniostenosis (OCS) are genetic conditions characterized by impaired skeletal development with small and dense bones, short stature, and primary hypoparathyroidism with…
The formation of human enamel is highly regulated at the molecular level and involves thousands of genes. Requisites for development of this highly mineralized tissue include cell differentiation; production of a unique extracellular matrix…
Sanjad–Sakati syndrome (Middle East syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition seen in offspring of Middle Eastern origin. [1 ] It was first described in Saudi Arabia, [2 ] but has been seen in Qatari, Kuwaiti, Omani and…
Hypoparathyroidism is a disorder characterized by hypocalcemia due to insufficient secretion of PTH. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a less common disorder due to target organ resistance to PTH.
Other classifications relate to hypoparathyroidism associated with complex syndromes involving resistance to PTH or other endocrine gland abnormalities (Table 1).