John Dalton (6. září 1766 Eaglesfield, Cumberland – 27. července 1844 Manchester) byl britský chemik a fyzik. Je považován za jednoho ze zakladatelů moderní atomistiky.
John Dalton FRS (/ ˈ d ɔː l t ən/; 5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. [1 ] He introduced the atomic theory into chemistry.
James W. Dalton's father was John "Jack" Dalton (June 25, 1856 in Bruce County/Ontario – December 16, 1944 in San Francisco) who in 1880 migrated from Canada to Alaska.
John Dalton, English meteorologist and chemist, a pioneer in the development of modern atomic theory. His theory was notable for, among other things, positing that each element had its own kind of atom and that atoms of various elements…
What is John Dalton best known for?John Dalton is best known for what became known as Dalton’s law, which posits that the total pressure of a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual component gases, partial pressure being the pressure that each gas would exert alone within the volume of the mixture at the same temperature.Why was John Dalton so influential?John Dalton based his partial pressures theory on the idea that only like atoms repel one another, whereas unlike atoms appear to react indifferently. This notion was erroneous, but it helped to explain why each gas in a mixture behaved independently, serving the purpose of showing that atoms of all kinds are not alike.What were John Dalton’s other contributions to chemistry?John Dalton developed a crude method for measuring the masses of the elements in a compound. His law of multiple proportions states that when two elements form more than one compound, masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other are in a ratio of small whole numbers.
Dalton attended Louisiana State University for a year before transferring to the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis. He graduated with distinction from Annapolis in 1964 and was a finalist in the Rhodes Scholarship competition.
V roce 1794 Dalton jako první vědecky vysvětlil podstatu barvosleposti - sám barvoslepostí trpěl. Na jeho počest byla barvoslepost pojmenovaná daltonismus.