Odhaduje se, že je ve vyspělých zemích touto bakterií infikována více než polovina dospělých po 60 letech věku,[ zdroj?] ačkoliv nemusí vždy vyvolat onemocnění.
Helicobacter pylori, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a gram-negative, flagellated, helical bacterium. Mutants can have a rod or curved rod shape that exhibits less virulence. [1 ] [2 ] Its helical body (from which the genus name…
H. pylori is also associated with the development of bile duct cancer and has been associated with a wide range of other diseases although its role in the development of many of these other diseases requires further study. [2 ] Humans…
Helikobakter Pylori je baktéria, ktorá v tele spôsobuje vážne infekcie a zdravotné problémy. V súčasnosti je to je Helikobakter Pylori najrozšírenejšia infekcia na svete, ktorá spôsobuje žalúdočné ťažkosti.
A fact sheet about the relationship between chronic H. pylori infection and the risk of stomach cancer, gastric MALT lymphoma, and other cancers. Also discusses factors that increase the likelihood that H.
Neobsahuje helicobacteraceaenpjcwnyrntzqhphm
What is Helicobacter pylori?Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral-shaped bacterium that grows in the mucus layer that coats the inside of the human stomach. Although many bacteria cannot survive the stomach’s acid environment, H. pylori is able to neutralize the acidity of its local environment in the stomach, though not the stomach as a whole. This local neutralization helps the bacterium survive. Another way H. pylori survives in the stomach’s acidic environment is by burrowing into the mucus layer and attaching to the cells that line its inner surface. This also helps it avoid immune destruction, because even though immune cells that normally recognize and attack invading bacteria accumulate near sites of H. pylori infection, they are unable to reach the stomach lining. H. pylori also interferes with local immune responses, making them ineffective in eliminating this bacterium (1, 2). Infection with H. pylori is common, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that about two-thirds of the world’s population harbors the bacterium. In the United States, the prevalence of H. pylori varies across racial and ethnic groups. For example, in 1999–2000, about 21% of non-Hispanic Whites, 52% of non-Hispanic Blacks, and 64% of Mexican Americans harbored the bacterium (3). H. pylori mainly spreads from person to person through oral contact with stool (fecal–oral), saliva (oral–oral), or vomit (gastric–oral) (4). In most populations, the bacterium is first acquired during childhood. Infection is more likely in children living in poverty, in crowded conditions, and in areas with poor sanitation.Does H. pylori cause cancer or other diseases?Yes. Although H. pylori infection does not itself cause illness, chronic infection causes long-lasting inflammation in the stomach (called non-atrophic gastritis) in most people. This inflammation can lead to several possible conditions, including atrophic gastritis (thinning of the stomach lining caused by long-term inflammation) and certain types of stomach (gastric) cancer, particularly gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, which is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Because of its role in causing stomach cancer, in 1994 H. pylori was classified as a human carcinogen, or cancer-causing agent, by the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (5). In 2021, the National Toxicology Program’s 15th Report on Carcinogens added chronic infection with H. pylori to its list of substances that are known or reasonably anticipated to cause cancer in humans. It remains unclear whether chronic H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of other cancers. Although some studies have found a possible association between H. pylori infection and an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, a 2023 meta-analysis of observational studies found insufficient evidence to support such an association (6). Growing evidence suggests a link between H. pylori infection and an increased risk of colorectal cancer (7–9). However, infection with H. pylori is also associated with a reduced risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, a type of esophageal cancer that is associated with Barrett esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Chronic H. pylori infection can also cause peptic ulcers (ulcers of the stomach and upper small intestine). More information about peptic ulcers is available from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.What is the evidence that H. pylori causes stomach cancer?Many studies have provided consistent evidence that chronic H. pylori infection causes gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric MALT lymphoma. Gastric adenocarcinoma: Epidemiologic studies have shown that people who have chronic H. pylori infections have an increased risk of developing non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma—that is, cancer in the main part of the stomach, excluding the part closest to the esophagus (10–17). Epidemiologic studies have also shown that in geographic areas where stomach cancer is common, especially in Asia, people with chronic H. pylori infections have an increased risk of developing gastric cardia cancer—that is, cancer in the part of the stomach that is closest to the esophagus (18, 19). In addition, studies have shown that treatment to eradicate H. pylori infection reduces the risk of gastric cancer in asymptomatic individuals (20), in individuals at increased risk due to family history (21), and in those who have had surgery for early gastric cancer (22). Gastric MALT lymphoma: Nearly all patients with gastric MALT lymphoma show signs of H. pylori infection, and the risk of developing this cancer is substantially greater in infected people than in uninfected people (23, 24). The strongest evidence linking H. pylori infection with gastric MALT lymphoma comes from studies showing that when people with gastric MALT lymphoma are treated with antibiotics to eliminate H. pylori, their tumors shrink (25, 26).
Komponenty Helicobacter pylori s biologickou aktivitou: niektoré z nich majú priamy účinok na vnútrobunkový metabolický proces hostiteľa. (Legenda: Flagella-bičíky- podiel na mobilite baktérie a na chemotaxii aby kolonizovala pod sliznicu…
7. 8. 2023Víte, čemu se říká "nejúspěšnější patogen v historii lidstva?" Je to druh bakterie známý jako Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) a existuje už nejméně 200 000 let. Věřte tomu nebo ne, ve skutečnosti není neobvyklé, že někdo má v sobě tyto…