Mutations in the metabolic enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 in cancer implicate altered metabolism in tumorigenesis. These mutations alter the enzymes such that they reduce the TCA cycle intermediate 2OG to the…
Regimental tartans are tartan patterns used in military uniforms, possibly originally by some militias of Scottish clans, certainly later by some of the Independent Highland Companies (IHCs) raised by the British government, then by the…
International bibliographic bulletin of secondary sources about popular literature and film: science-fiction and fantasy, Fantastic, Gothic, Horror, Mystery and Detective Fiction, Comics, war stories, westerns, historical romance and novel…
Chemical modifications of histones and DNA, such as histone methylation, histone acetylation, and DNA methylation, play critical roles in epigenetic gene regulation. Many of the enzymes that add or remove such chemical modifications are…
Genomic analysis of multi-focal renal cell carcinomas from an individual with a germline VHL mutation offers a unique opportunity to study tumor evolution. We perform whole exome sequencing on four clear cell renal cell carcinomas removed…
Inclusion of a PE in a transcript targets the transcript for degradation via NMD. PEs are generally highly conserved elements of the genome and are thought to have important regulatory roles in biology. [1 ] [2 ] Targeting PE inclusion or…
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is an important subtype of kidney cancer with a problematic pathological classification and highly variable clinical behaviour. Here we sequence the genomes or exomes of 31 pRCCs, and in four tumours…