On July 18 of 1863, a circular sent by Pёtr Valuev, 1 Russia's minister of internal affairs, to the censorship committees imposed restrictions on Ukrainian-language publications in the Russian Empire.
What factors contributed to the issuance of the Valuev Circular in 1863?The study finds that the Polish Uprising of 1863 and cultural competition influenced the Valuev Circular's issuance, as highlighted by Alexei Miller's arguments about public sentiment and Ukrainophile activities.How did the Valuev Circular restrict Ukrainian-language literature specifically?The Circular mandated that only books classified as fine literature could be published in Ukrainian, effectively banning educational and spiritual texts aimed at mass audiences.What role did the translation of the Gospels play in the context of the Circular?Research indicates that while the Ukrainian translation of the Gospels by Moračevs'kyj was significant, it was one of many factors amid broader anti-Ukrainian sentiments leading to censorship.