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Gardiner was born in Carriden, educated in Linlithgow, and joined a Scottish unit of the Dutch States Army (likely the Scots Brigade) at the age of fourteen.
He was the son of Adrian Gardiner, apothecary, of Nottingham. He entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in 1649, taking the degrees of B.A. 1652–3, M.A. 1656, and D.D. 1669. [1 ] On the Restoration he obtained favour at court, became chaplain…
Gardiner's opponent was the Unionist Archibald Stirling who had represented one of the previous seats covering part of the same area, West Perthshire since winning a by-election there in February 1917.
Gardiner was the son of James Gardiner, who was Bishop of Lincoln from 1695 to 1705. He entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1695. [1 ] He proceeded B.A. as sixteenth wrangler in 1699, and was elected fellow of Jesus College in 1700.